Episode 54: New Eczema Treatments for Kids
Join us for an enlightening conversation about existing, newly approved, and "coming soon" treatments for kids suffering from eczema -- from pills, to injections, to creams. GPER's Executive Director interviews expert Dr. Peter Lio of the Chicago Integrative Eczema Center about the latest research related to therapies for kids and explores how to choose between them ... and what's on the horizon based on news from the American Academy of Dermatology Annual Meeting. Learn more about how these treatments work and who they are best suited for in this 30-minute episode that is sure to offer insights -- and hope.If you like our podcast, please consider supporting it with a tax-deductible donation.
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Prescription treatments for eczema new and coming soon from AAD 2026 Part 1
Korey Capozza: Welcome to the podcast. I'm Korey Capozza, Executive Director of Global Parents for Eczema Research.
When it comes to someone who knows about the full range of eczema treatments, both prescription and complimentary. There is no one more knowledgeable than our guest today, Dr. Peter Lio is well known in the eczema community by researchers, physicians, and patients and families alike. His training is extensive and cross-disciplinary. Dr. Lio is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Dermatology and Pediatrics at Northwestern University and a founding director of the Chicago Integrative Eczema Center.
He received his medical degree from Harvard Medical School, completed his internship in pediatrics at Boston Children's and his dermatology training at Harvard, where he also completed formal training in acupuncture. Dr. Leo, thank you for joining us today to talk about new and next wave treatments for kids, and also welcome back to the podcast.
Dr. Lio: Thank you. Thank you so much for having me.
Korey Capozza: So we were both recently at the American Academy of Dermatology meeting, which was this year in Denver. And for me, AAD is the meeting where I go to learn about eczema treatments, both new ones that are coming, but also how the ones that are on the market are performing.
And this year there was a lot of talk on that front. So I thought we could break down what's new for our listeners and walk through a little bit of what they need to know about these different options that are either readily available now or coming soon in the areas of injection treatments, pills for the more severe kids and talk a little bit about topical and maybe natural or complimentary options.
But I was thinking before we jump into that when we're thinking about an injectable treatment, which we often hear called a biologic or maybe a pill for eczema: Who would be the person you would recommend one of these for? Just to help our listeners think, is that really me? Or where do we use these treatments?
Dr. Lio: Sure. I think the most exciting thing perhaps is that there is just now so much focus on atopic dermatitis after essentially all of my career where nobody cared. Like we had crickets, we were waiting for people to pay attention to us, and psoriasis has had this incredible renaissance with all these new treatments and discoveries and other diseases have had their heyday. But eczema has been left. Behind until really the last eight to 10 years now we're really taking off.
And what's so cool is, I call it the virtuous cycle of drug development. Once you have some good medicines, and obviously no medicine is perfect, but they're way better than what we had before, but that opens the door for deeper understanding of the disease. It opens the door for patients who maybe felt like they've exhausted everything. I've met many patients who say, I haven't gone back to dermatology in 20 years because they all kept telling me the same thing and there was nothing new. But finally it opens that door and then it really does lead the way to newer and better treatments. And I think we're on the cusp of that. So we're seeing this incredible pipeline of all these new therapies and totally new approaches too. Part of it is gonna be a little challenging to figure out what works best, who's gonna fit best with what are the risks and benefits of everything? But that's a great problem to have, a champagne problem if you will.
And then one of the interesting parts of all this too, is that the question you raise: who should get a systemic agent? That's changing. It's a moving target because 10 years ago, if you'd asked me this question, I would've said, the systemic agents we have are all powerful immunosuppressants. They're all off-label. They're all pretty dangerous. We really try to reserve them. In fact I really said many times in lecture, I would say, I often feel like a failure when I have to go to a systemic agent because it's oh, I've tried my best with topicals, but I haven't done good enough. And we now have to subject these patients and families to a lot more stuff that we don't want.
But now, because we have newer and better options, that whole discussion has shifted and this is this kind of idea of treat to target. We used to be able to promise maybe I can get you better with a whole bunch of risk. And now I think we can say, hey, there's a really good chance, not only are you gonna be much better, you're gonna maybe be clear or almost clear. You're maybe gonna have zero itch.
Can you imagine for patients who've been suffering with itch for 20, 30, 40 years, just to not have itch and with risks that are pretty mild compared to the benefit. Again, not nobody's saying these are perfect, they have side effects. Let me tell you, a big part of my job is dealing with side effects, and I get referrals where cases have had it. So I will be the first to say there's no such thing as a free lunch. But comparatively, these have been transformative, so that discussion keeps getting lower and lower.
And now of course, especially now we know more about topical steroids. Now we're saying, you know what? Maybe you shouldn't. You've been overusing the triamcinolone for the last 10 years. What if we talk about some of the systemic agents and let's go over their risks and benefits? And of course, that's not for everybody. But I think I'm bringing that up far earlier than I ever have in my entire history, which is really exciting.
Korey Capozza: That's a really good point. We're in a time where both treating physicians and patients are so relieved to be able to have things to choose from and to be able to reach those targets that were previously outta reach.
So what I hear you saying is. These biologics and and pill treatments that we now have aren't necessarily for the more severe patients. They can be used in a range of ways, and maybe they can even be used in the short term to reach a kind of control. And then you move down to a topical.
Are there ways that we can use these in concert with others? Shorter periods of time maybe. It seems like there's, that's a new area that we're figuring out.
Dr. Peter Lio: It really is. And I think either today or tomorrow, there's gonna be a big paper released about some new definitions for remission and the idea that we could potentially get people better to the point where we've broken that vicious cycle of disease, the itch scratch cycle, the broken skin barrier, the upset sleep, the Dysbiosis, right? Where the microbiome is falling apart, if we can fix those things, I truly believe that for some patients, I wish I could say for all, I can't say that by any stretch yet, but for some, a meaningful group of patients, I find that I can take off more and more different drugs to some point where patients are on nothing, literally, they're on no prescriptions.
These are patients who were miserable and suffering and now they're like. I'm okay. Like I don't wanna say they're cured. I think that might be too strong, but I think we can say a deep remission where they're not relying on medicines. That's incredible. That's transformative.
Korey Capozza: Yeah. And that's amazing.
And just to give our listeners hope, that's actually the story of my own family, where my son was able to get off all drugs altogether for eczema and has been in deep remission himself. So it is possible it happens to real people and I think it's a dream worth pursuing for sure.
So let's talk about some of these treatments. We now have quite a few treatments for our more severe kids. These were kids who were in the past just, bouncing on and off, topical steroids, some of these older generation systemics that have quite concerning side effects. Even like systemic steroids, really a difficult situation back in the day for our more severe persistent kids.
But now we have these biologics or injectable treatments. And as you said, they're they're quite safe. One of the reasons for that is that they target these very specific parts of the immune system. They're like a, a missile that goes in for a very specific spot. And then they're able to zero in on that faulty part of the immune system and correct it in some ways.
Right now we only have one that's been approved in young kids, dupilumab. It's been on the market for some years now and approved down to really babies. And then we have two others which work in slightly different ways. Lebrikizumab and Tralokinumab, which are approved down to teens, 12 and up.
What are we learning about these treatments that are already on the market and how are they performing over the long term? And how might a parent evaluate the options?
Dr. Lio: Understanding that a lot of that is gonna be driven by age at this point. Absolutely. So I think with those three, they're all kind of close cousins and they really work on that same pathway that IL 13, which does seem to be like the most, most connected, the most important in some ways for atopic dermatitis. That's the one that really correlates with eczema and the severity of disease. It's. Seems to go up. So that's a really good one to pick. And as you said beautifully, it's extremely targeted. So you can imagine if you shut down your whole immune system, yeah, you'll feel better, but at a huge price. 'cause now we've shut off everything.
But if we can just target one guy that seems to be by definition, it's out of control. So we're not even suppressing you. We're just trying to bring it back to normal. It really is a clean way to do it. I think what we've seen now, 'cause yeah. Dupilumab launched in March of 2017. So we're starting to creep up on a decade here where it's been out and the good news is that generally speaking, the side effects have been pretty stable and there's not been any major surprises. So I think that's really helpful, even in the littlest kids.
And we now even have some data showing that kids who are on it for longer periods actually have increased vertical growth, they actually get taller than a comparison group. And that's a big deal. So sometimes I meet families who are nervous and they're say, we don't really wanna go on this. And I agree. I want, I'm a minimalist. I prefer not to be on a medicine, but if we know we're really using our topicals or sometimes overusing them to a dangerous point and I know they're suffering. It's affecting their quality of life, they're not sleeping well, they're not eating well. They're often doing a lot of things that maybe are really disruptive. That's when I say it might be time to do it.
I do try to use all of my topical tricks and all of my ideas first. But yeah, for many patients it can be a game changer. And the funny thing is, a lot of those patients just a few months later say, whoa, why didn't we do this sooner? What were we waiting for?
Korey Capozza: Yeah. Yeah. We did see at AAD, I wasn't able to attend the talk, but I believe there was some long-term data about Lebrikizumab presented up to four years and showing, continuous improvement. So over time, just better and better outcomes, something we call EASI 75, which is, what percentage of patients saw a 75% improvement in their eczema And some pretty great numbers there. So it's possible that, you know, that with longer term therapy, we are gonna see really nice outcomes for people as long as there isn't that huge trade off in safety.
Dr. Lio: That's the name of the game.
Korey Capozza: That's the name of the game. Yep. Can we talk about disease modification or I guess what I would call secondary prevention? Do we know anything about if we intervene with these newer class of drugs early in, early childhood, if the child needs it? Can we maybe halt the course of the condition and stop the progression to these other atopic conditions like food allergy, asthma, rhinitis, and so on. Can you talk a little bit about that?
Dr. Lio: Sure. I think, like, the right answer to give the most honest answer is that we don't know. So I think that's probably the truth, and nobody would really argue with that because there's not compelling or definitive evidence in either direction.
But my personal hunch, and from what I've seen in my own experience and looking at the data that I think, and this is a little bit of motivated reasoning, I'm looking for the studies that support my conclusion that I want. But I believe it's possible. I really do. There was a study called the PACI Study, P A C I, that actually showed a decrease in food allergy in aggressively managed atopic dermatitis patients compared to a control.
So this kind of talks about that idea of the allergic march, like you get other allergic diseases that all begins with this skin barrier damage. And the way we talk about it to our patients is the little poem:
Through the skin, allergies begin.
Through the diet, they stay quiet.
So we want to heal that skin 'cause we don't want those abnormal foods and proteins and allergens to get through a broken skin barrier. But we also want people eating the foods that they can tolerate from an early age to help protect them because we know that helps us become tolerant to those foods and prevents allergy. So that's one approach.
And then we really have a sense that again, more anecdotally at this point, but that aggressive treatment and getting people under control really allows them to decrease medicine over time. And for many patients, some patients at least, they can stop all of their major medicines. Now, this is against a backdrop of a disease that to, for some people just goes away on its own. That there's no doubt, like some people truly grow out of it, but especially for more severe patients, many times they don't. So I have a whole clinic full of families who are frustrated because they'll say things like every pediatrician we saw just kept saying, oh, eventually he'll grow out of it, and now he's 22 and he's miserable and bedridden, I guess it didn't work for him.
So we don't ever want to count on that, but I really do believe that's part of what can happen, which is great. And then I also truly believe if we can get things under control safely, we really can break at least some of the cycles of it.
Korey Capozza: True. And I think what if the other piece of being told that, someone's likely to grow out of it, is that we don't need to aggressively treat it sometimes is the subtext there. And that, that really is unfortunate when people hear that piece. You just need to suffer with this until you grow out of it, which we know they may or may not do. So I guess as an advocate, I hope that we stop saying that to patients.
Dr. Lio: Amen.
Korey Capozza: We don't know the answer to it. So what you said is really interesting, and for me, the reason why I have a lot of hope around this secondary prevention disease modification piece is that it makes sense to me because, we know that in early childhood is when the body's immune system is being trained and when it's on high alert and overreacting to everything, it's training itself to be that way to more things and to operate at that level. But if we can quiet it down and train it to operate in a way that's healthier and more balanced, maybe it can proceed like that through life as opposed to being on red alert all the time.
Let's talk about some of the new wave treatments that are coming. This one is interesting. It's also an injectable drug and it has a tongue twister of a name. Zoom, I'm gonna get wrong, Zumilokobart. And this particular therapy seems to have the same effectiveness, maybe even better than some of the existing drugs, but much less frequent dosing. And basically, the company who's developing this medication has figured out how to extend the life of the, sort of, active ingredient in the body so that it has a chance to do its work for longer before it breaks down. That's my lay description of it. But what do you think about this drug and this strategy and how it might offer some benefit over what we already have?
Dr. Lio: I think it's pretty exciting, yeah. So they change one part of the antibody, the kind of the heavy chain, so that instead of being broken down, the body recycles it and keeps it in circulation. And what's really cool about this is it means you can literally take the same binding site. And as, as I understand it and I'm not an insider or anything on this, but I, from what I've read, it's the same IL 13 binding site as lebrikizumab, so they can literally basically be the same kind of thing, except instead of breaking down over a few weeks or a month, it can now stay in your system actively for six plus months, which means you might be able to get a shot once or twice per year, which would be a game changer, right?
If you're afraid of needles, once a year, eh, it's not too bad. People have to get blood draws once a year and stuff, or a flu shot, all those kind of things. So it's hard to escape it altogether. It also means the supply chain changes because for some of my patients, if they're traveling a lot or at college, all of this stuff, you need this cold chain and it's, and all this, the waste, I feel so bad. I see they come in these enormous coolers with styrofoam and all the ice packs and plastic and Oh gosh. So imagine just being able to simplify all that, reduce all the waste. So I think it could be a game changer.
What's the thing you say when a competitor has that though? So that the anti… the strength is your greatest weakness. You always have to flip it around. So what competitors might say though is what if there's a problem now you have this drug in your system for many months instead of being able to just stop it immediately. That's not without wisdom. There's something there.
The good thing is this category, as we've heard now, has three members of it, some of which have been out for pushing a decade. So we feel pretty comfortable that what can happen is not super dangerous for most people. And maybe we would say , you do a shorter acting one first, and if you love it and feel like you need to stay on it, then you could go on the longer acting one, maybe. I think for most people it could be a really good option if it's as built right, it's still early enough. There could be surprises we don't know about. But if everything holds up, I think almost everyone would pick the longer one. So they could just say, you know what? I'm gonna do this once or twice a year and not have to deal with this.
Korey Capozza: Yeah, you're right. As long as the safety profile holds up, you know that it's similar to the risk that you would have with the more frequently dosed treatments. And I think, yeah, that, that's would definitely appeal.
We heard about two companies at AAD that are trying out a new strategy in this injectable biologic space, and they target something called interleukin four receptor alpha. Without getting like too deep into the specific science. How is this different than what Dupilumab does since it targets IL4 or interleukin 4. And why might this new strategy be a good one?
Dr. Lio: I think that there are still a lot of questions about the role of IL4. IL13, as we said earlier, is seems to be like the main one that we understand, but a lot of people believe that IL4 can help shape the immune response over time.
Honestly, I'm a little bit skeptical and a little hesitant to say too much because even recently there was a, what's called a bispecific antibody that actually bound to two different things at once, which is cool. And one of the things that bound to was IL4. I think it was an IL4 plus IL31. And we know IL31 is helpful, that's that, that Nemolizumab that's already out. But adding the IL4 apparently didn't, we don't know all of the details, but it was not enough to let the company keep going. So they've actually discontinued research on it. So I'm not sure, but I think the promise is there, and we're seeing this with other pathways. This OX40 and OX40-ligand pathway, this IL2 pathway. There's these other approaches where we might be able to shape it, and I think it's really exciting.
Part of me, just being, now I'm old, so I'm less, I'm more risk averse, right? I'm a little older and wiser and maybe a little more cynical. I do worry that if we tinker too much with the immune system, especially if we're trying to shape it, you could get into potential trouble. I think Mother Nature knows what she's doing and I like to, again, minimalism and I think that it's clean. We're blocking an a cytokine, a messenger that's over expressed. I think we have to see what happens.
Korey Capozza: Yeah, those are really good points. Two things that we've learned from these new therapies. Number one, the immune system is incredibly complex. Maybe we already knew that. For sure, that is coming to light with, as we experiment with some of these targets, it's just, you, it's a little bit of whack-a-mole, you target something here and that something else comes up over here. It's a very complicated machine that we're learning to tinker. And I think having some humility around that probably is warranted. So we've got a lot to think about there in the biologic injection sort of category.
Let's talk a little bit about pills. So we currently have what we call the JAK inhibitors. And these are a treatment of last resort in some sense for older kids who can't get their eczema under control with other options. That's how they're approved. That's not my personal opinion. And we're still talking about probably more, the most severe eczema cases now. Would you say that's right?
Dr. Lio: Yes, for better or for worse, I think talking to European colleagues, they're in other parts of the world too. They're a little bit more utilized, I think, than we use 'em here in the States. And something that's interesting is that in many parts of the world, they're far less expensive than the biologics. Although here in the states, they're comparable. So that ends up not being a point of distinction. I do think they're among the most powerful.
So we have two for atopic dermatitis in the US, we have Upadacitinib and Abrocitinib. And they're, to me, pretty similar. They're interchangeable to some degree both in safety and efficacy. So they're among the fastest working treatments we have. They're really quick. They can get people better. I kid you not, within just a couple of days, they can see measurable improvement. They are very reliable. They help almost every patient I give them to even these super severe cases and their safety overall is actually pretty promising. But they carry a lot of baggage because in other conditions, so specifically in rheumatoid arthritis. There was a big study with a cousin of this one, of the ones we're talking about. It was a different drug called Tofacitinib. And in this study they actually found a higher rate of death and cardiac disease and blood clots and all this kind of stuff in cancer. So the FDA put this class-wide warning on them, and this is the boxed warning. And unfortunately, this even affects our topical one. But that being said, I do think there are real risks and it really is an immunosuppressant to some degree. I don't think it's as, as immunosuppressive as something like Prednisone or cyclosporine. But it's also not nearly as targeted as some of the biologics we're talking about, which only mess with one or two cytokines. And here we're talking about something that does affect a range. So it is more risks, but potentially more benefits. So for the right patient, it can be a life changing drug.
Korey Capozza: And perhaps it could be a bridge to something else. I would think.
Dr. Lio: Yes.
Korey Capozza: So on this topic of pills though, we have our JAK inhibitors and then at AAD we actually heard about a completely new kind of therapy. It's in the early stages of development, but I think it's worth mentioning, which is this STAT6 degradation therapy being developed. And without getting too deep into the science, maybe we can talk about the advantages and potential drawbacks of this new strategy. It would seem just on the face of it, to check a lot of boxes for parents and patients in terms of their wishlist. Tell me a little bit more about this one and what you think about it.
Dr. Lio: Yeah, that was one, I learned about it about maybe a year ago or two years ago, and I was like, ‘Oh, wait a minute. This is actually really a big deal.’ And I'm still remain really impressed by this. So it, yeah, it will be an oral agent. It's a very small molecule. It's well absorbed and it's technically like an enzyme. And this enzyme actually breaks down this thing called STAT6, which is one of our messengers that is triggered by IL13.
So IL13, when, when that signals, the next thing it does is it triggers the STAT6, which then activates inflammation, barrier damage, all these kinds of things. So it's one step past Dupilumab and Lebrikizumab and Tralokinumab, but as an oral form. And it seems like it's pretty much the same level of targeting.
So in a way, the way it's pitched, and again, it remains to be seen, we have to maintain some skepticism, but if it is what they say it is, and if everything works the way we think it does, it could be like a pill version of those biologics. Which would be a game changer as well, because now you take out the shot, you have more flexibility and apparently the molecule is so small that it even potentially could be a topical agent. I cannot wait for this. This would be a game changer.
Korey Capozza: Yeah, it's really interesting and just for our listeners, we're really many years off with this one. I believe it's in phase two. It's gonna be a while, but fingers crossed that we see it relatively soon if, as you say, it all holds up. Sometimes these treatments, they go through these phases of study, phase one, phase two, phase three, and we don't get the full picture until the end of phase three. And it just is the process. It's a gamble and we've gotta wait to see that data. (Just in, in terms of why we keep saying we've gotta wait and see.)
Let's talk a little bit about these new topicals or creams. So as you said, back in the day, it was just topical steroids, different potencies, and we just slathered our, the, our kiddos in these in these steroids on and off. And I know personally it was really hard to know when to stop and when to switch to something else. And sometimes I would stop and it would flare right back up. And inevitably. The recommended steroid treatment was not what I was doing because, it just wasn't, it wasn't working and it was really unclear kind of how all these different steroid treatments fit together. You're sleep deprived. It was a really difficult regimen.
So thank goodness we have these new alternatives to topical steroids. 'cause not only were they kinda hard to use as recommended, but they had these, as you mentioned, side effects that were quite concerning. So parents are really excited, I think, about these new topicals and there's been a bit of an explosion in this space, which is fantastic news.
We have Ruflumilast, Tapinarof, Ruxolitinib, which you just mentioned, the topical JAK inhibitor and Delgocitinib. I think I've got the approved ones there on the list.
Dr. Lio: No, yep, that's, those are the ones I know about. Yeah, because all we had from like the 1950s until the year 2000 were steroids in different forms and flavors and vehicles, but they were all steroids. And then in the year 2000, we got our first non-steroidal approved in the US and that was with, we had of course, our Tacrolimus and Pimecrolimus in 2000 and 2001. So those guys were our calcineurin inhibitor class. And they’re still good, we still use 'em. They're generic now. And then we had nothing until 2016.
That's when we got Crisaboral and, and it was a little bit of a disappointment for, I think, for everybody involved. We were so excited, but it ended up not being very powerful, and then stinging and burning for more than we had anticipated. But now, finally, after a few more years, we finally have a bunch of things.
Our topical Ruxolitinib is a strong JAK inhibitor. That one is approved down to age two now. So they all started out older ages, but now they're all approved down to age two. That's a twice daily drug. It is one of the most effective topicals I've ever seen. It's like punches really like a steroid. Unfortunately it does have that boxed warning.
And then of course we have topical Roflumilast, which is another PDE4. So it's like crisaborole. This one's a little bit different though. It's a different molecule. It's once daily, which is really cool. It's a cream base instead of an ointment. And it turns out that this one is, in my opinion, in my experience, and not only is it more effective for most patients, but it's way better tolerated, it almost never, in my experience, causes stinging and burning.
And then of course there's Tapinarof. Totally new class, so exciting. I've been following that drug since 2017.
Korey Capozza: Yeah,
Dr. Lio: Literally pushing a decade and that came out initially for psoriasis, but now has an atopic derm approval. Again, all three of these now are approved down to age two, and that one works as an arylhydrocarbon receptor agonist, so it's like a totally different category, anti-inflammatory, anti-itch. I do like it. It's also once daily, some of my patients with more severe atopic derm on that side of things get a little more irritant from it, I've found. So I'm a little more cautious with that one. But for the right patient, it could be a big deal.
And then you mentioned Delgocitinib, another JAK inhibitor that just came out. And that one's weird because it technically is not for atopic derm, it's for chronic hand eczema. But it's really a nice JAK inhibitor and it's in a really good formulation. It's just really hard to get. I've, I feel like I've tried to write it a few times and I keep getting pushback from insurance companies, but that can be an issue sometimes when it first comes out. And of course, all of these medicines are really expensive too, and that's the other problem. So getting them for patients can be a problem. Even with good insurance, sometimes they have restrictions.
Korey Capozza: Yeah, that was a great overview and I think of these different treatments Tapinarof is the only one that's been approved for up to severe, as I understand it, the others are mild to moderate eczema.
Dr. Lio: Excellent.
Korey Capozza: Dr. Lio, thanks for this super interesting discussion. We covered a ton of ground. I think our listeners will gain a lot from this discussion. And also thank you for what you do for eczema patients here in the US and also around the world. So thank you for joining today.
Dr. Lio: Thank you for having me.
Conflict of Interest Statements
GPER has received sponsorships and grants from companies who develop treatments for eczema. These can be viewed at: www.gper.org/corporatecouncil
Peter Lio reports being on the speaker's bureau for AbbVie, Arcutis, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Incyte, La Roche-Posay/L’Oreal, Pfizer, Pierre-Fabre Dermatologie, Regeneron/Sanofi Genzyme, Verrica; reports consulting/advisory boards for Alphyn Biologics, AbbVie, Almirall, Amyris, Apogee, Arcutis, Astria Therapeutics, Castle Biosciences, Codex Labs, Concerto Biosci, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Kenvue, LEO Pharma, Lipidor, L’Oreal, Merck, Micreos, MyOR Diagnostics, Nektar Therapeutics, Nia Health, Pelthos Therapeutics, Novartis, Phyla, Regeneron/Sanofi Genzyme, Sibel Health, Skinfix, Song Lab Skincare, Soteri Skin, Stratum Biosciences, Sun Pharma, Theraplex, Thimble Health, Topaz Biosciences, Unilever, Verdant Scientific, Verrica, Yobee Care. Stock options with Akeyna, Inc., Alphyn Labs, Codex Labs, Concerto Biosci, Song Lab Skincare, Soteri Skin, Stratum Biosciences, Thimble, Topaz Biosciences, Yobee Care, Verdant Scientific. In addition, Dr. Lio receives royalties for a Theraplex product and is a Scientific Advisory Committee Member emeritus of the National Eczema Association.
